Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in HIV-Infected Patients: Usefulness for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of consensus regarding the risk of hypertension in HIV-infected patients compared to the general population. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is the most accurate method for the hypertension diagnosis. Nevertheless, it is rarely used in HIV clinical care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All HIV-infected patients who underwent 24 hours ABPM were included. The agreement between office blood pressure (BP) readings and ABPM was analyzed. The rate of patients with masked hypertension (MH), isolated clinical hypertension, and nocturnal hypertension was obtained. Furthermore, it was analyzed if the differences between both methods may affect the cardiovascular risk (CVR) assessment. RESULTS: A total of 116 patients were included. The κ coefficient between office BP and ABPM was 0.248. Over a quarter of the cohort was diagnosed with MH-25.8% (CI 95% 17.7%-34.0%), and 12% (CI 95%: 6.1%-16.1%) was diagnosed with ICH. Moreover, 19% of patients had hypertension exclusively during the night. The patients classified as low risk according to the CVR scores had a different diagnosis with ABPM than with office BP (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The agreement between office BP and ABPM was low in HIV-infected patients. Ambulatory BP monitoring is useful in HIV-infected patients as a hypertension diagnosis method, especially among patients classified as low risk.

Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) Consensus on Spanish Nomenclature for Spondyloarthritis. / Consenso ASAS en nomenclatura en español para las espondiloartritis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a consensus to standardize the use of Spanish terms, abbreviations and acronyms in the field of spondyloarthritis (SpA). METHODS: An international task force comprising all native Spanish-speaking Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) members, the executive committee of Grupo para el estudio de la Espondiloartritis de la Sociedad Española de Reumatología (GRESSER), two methodologists, two linguists from the Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de España (RANM) and two patients from the Spanish Coordinator of Spondylitis Associations (CEADE) was established. A literature review was performed to identify the conflicting terms/abbreviations/acronyms in SpA. This review examined written sources in Spanish including manuscripts, ICF and ICD, guidelines, recommendations and consensuses. This was followed by a nominal group meeting and a three-round Delphi. The recommendations from the RANM based on the Panhispanic dictionary were followed throughout the process. RESULTS: Consensus was reached for 46 terms, abbreviations or acronyms related to the field of SpA. A Spanish translation was accepted for 6 terms and 6 abbreviations to name or classify the disease, and for 6 terms and 4 abbreviations related to SpA. It was agreed not to translate 15 acronyms into Spanish. However, when mentioning them, it was recommended to follow this structure: type of acronym in Spanish and acronym and expanded form in English. With regard to 7 terms or abbreviations attached to acronyms, it was agreed to translate only the expanded form and a translation was also selected for each of them. CONCLUSIONS: Through this standardization, it is expected to establish a common use of the Spanish nomenclature for SpA. The implementation of this consensus across the community will be of substantial benefit, avoiding misunderstandings and time-consuming processes.